Fred Meyer Stores, Inc.

120 cases in this site's copy of the record  ·  2 of those 120 are marked open by the Board  ·  Region 19, 27  ·  ANCHORAGE, AK; Anchorage, AK; Battle Ground, WA; Beaverton, OR; Bellingham, WA; Bend, OR and more

Each case links to the Board's own docket page. This site holds what the Board listed, not the documents.

What kinds of case

The cases

• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 3 June 2026Case 19-CA-388182ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 354
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 29 May 2026Case 19-CA-387884ClosedMedford, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 220
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 30 April 2026Case 19-CA-386068OpenPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 10,000
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 21 July 2025Case 19-RC-369772ClosedLacey, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 10
  Included: Petitioner seeks a self-determination (Armour-Globe) election to add all full time and regular part time employees in the Jewelry Departments to the existing Petitioner-represented bargaining units at their respective locations, currently described as follows: All full-time and regular part-time employees in the General Merchandise Departments employed by the Employer at its facility located at [address], ...
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 25 October 2024Case 19-CA-353471ClosedRenton, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 10
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 26 September 2024Case 19-CA-351500ClosedWilsonville, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 13,000
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 9 September 2024Case 19-CA-350061ClosedHillsboro, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 13,000
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 9 September 2024Case 19-CA-350059ClosedBeaverton, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 13,000
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 29 August 2024Case 19-CA-349370ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 13,000
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 20 August 2024Case 19-CA-348676ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 13,000
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 20 August 2024Case 19-CA-348675ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 13,000
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 10 July 2024Case 19-CA-345973ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 6,200
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 9 July 2024Case 27-RC-345867OpenMeridian, IDRegion 27Workers in the unit 7
  Included: All full-time and regular part-time Pharmacy Technicians employed by the Employer at 1850 E Fairview Ave., Meridian, ID 83642. Excluded: All other employees, Guards, Managers, and Supervisors as defined by the Act.
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 21 June 2024Case 19-CA-344837ClosedChehalis, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 10
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 18 June 2024Case 19-CA-344763ClosedTacoma, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 500
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 18 April 2024Case 19-CA-340385ClosedSpringfield, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 300
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 16 April 2024Case 19-CA-340170ClosedSpringfield, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 80
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 15 April 2024Case 19-CA-340108ClosedGrants Pass, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 70
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 12 April 2024Case 19-CA-339933ClosedSpringfield, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 90
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 11 April 2024Case 19-CA-339818ClosedVancouver, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 180
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 28 February 2024Case 19-CA-336767ClosedEugene, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 200
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 12 February 2024Case 19-CA-335574ClosedTigard, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 225
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 2 February 2024Case 19-RC-334994ClosedEllensburg, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 70
  Included: All Full- me and regular part- me employees employed in the home hardlines department, apparel department, electronics department, fuel department, garden center department, health and beauty department, jewelry department, and pharmacy department at the Employer's facility located at 201 S. water St, Ellensburg, Washington Employees Excluded: Guards and supervisors as defined by the Act
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 2 February 2024Case 19-RC-334987ClosedEllensburg, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 9
  Included: All full time and regular part-time employees employed in the meat department and seafood department at the Employer's facility located at: 201 S. Water St., Ellensburg, Washington. Excluded: Guards and supervisors as defined by the Act.
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 31 January 2024Case 19-CA-334841ClosedFairbanks, AKRegion 19Workers in the unit 7,000
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 26 January 2024Case 19-RC-334402ClosedEllensburg, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 232
  Included: All fulltime and regular part-time eligible employees under the Act, including but not limited to, meat department, seafood department, service deli Department, Starbucks department, Service Bakery Department, Front End/CCK department, Grocery department, Home hardlines department, E-commerce/Clicklist Department, Produce Department, Apparel Department, Electronics, Fuel Department, Natural/Nutrition ...
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 22 January 2024Case 19-RC-334047ClosedGrants Pass, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 70
  Included: All full-time and part-time, non-supervisory, non-professional employees in the General Merchandise Departments, including Apparel, Home, Photoelectronics, Fuel, Health and Beauty, Floral, Garden Center employees, employed by the employer at its facility located at 1101 Grants Pass Pkwy, Grants Pass, OR 97526. Excluded: Jewelry employees, Pharmacy employees, managers, guards, and supervisors as defined by ...
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 5 January 2024Case 19-RC-333127ClosedSpringfield, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 89
  Included: Full-time and part-time non-supervisory, non-professional, nonfoods employees including the Home, Apparel, Fuel, Photoelectronics, HABA, Floral, Garden Center and Jewelry departments employed by the Employer at 650 Q Street, Springfield, OR 97477. Excluded: Pharmacy employees, managers, guards, and supervisors as defined by the Act.
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 18 September 2023Case 19-CA-326035ClosedClackamas, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 21
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 9 June 2023Case 19-RC-319694ClosedLacey, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 64
  Included: All employees in the General Merchandise departments. Excluded: Meat, Grocery, Culinary, Bakery, Jewelry, Pharmacy Departments, Supervisors
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 24 May 2023Case 19-CA-318702ClosedFairbanks, AKRegion 19Workers in the unit 300
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 10 May 2023Case 19-RC-317883ClosedFairbanks, AKRegion 19Workers in the unit 94
  Included: All full-time and regular part-time employees in the following departments: Home, garden, electronics, fuel, HABA, cosmetics, apparel, Clicklist, hushmail and all other departments. Excluded: Home, Manager; Home, Assistant Manager; Apparel Manager, Apparel; Asst. Manager; Checklist Manager, Pharmacy, Jewelry, Front End (CCK); and guards and supervisors as defined by the Act.
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 4 April 2023Case 19-CA-315420ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 13,000
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 29 November 2022Case 19-CA-307981ClosedTigard, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 7,000
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 21 October 2022Case 19-CA-305692ClosedTumwater, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 500
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 8 September 2022Case 19-RC-302950ClosedAnchorage, AKRegion 19Workers in the unit 7
  Included: All Starbucks employees at the Muldoon Fred Meyer Location. Including Baristas, Starbucks Manager/Lead. Excluded: All non Starbucks employees at the Muldoon Fred Meyer location and all Guards and Supervisors as defined by the Act.
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 14 July 2022Case 19-CA-299385ClosedRichland, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 500
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 12 July 2022Case 19-CA-299254ClosedTumwater, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 500
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 29 June 2022Case 19-CA-298626ClosedRichland, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 500
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 9 June 2022Case 19-CA-297439ClosedSumner, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 500
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 26 May 2022Case 19-CA-296621ClosedTacoma, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 1,000
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 2 May 2022Case 19-RC-295092ClosedTumwater, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 75
  Included: All full-time and regular part-time employees in the General Merchandise Departments employed by the Employer at its location at 555 Trosper Road SW, Tumwater, WA. Excluded: Meat, Grocery, Culinary and Bakery Department employees, and supervisors and guards as defined by the Act.
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 7 April 2022Case 19-CA-293750ClosedSeattle, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 500
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 1 April 2022Case 19-RC-293363ClosedEagle River, AKRegion 19Workers in the unit 7
  Employees included: Meat Cutters, Meat Wrappers, Seafood Service Clerks, and all other eligible meat department employees under the Act. Employees Excluded: Meat Manager, Seafood Manager, and all guards and supervisors as defined by the Act.
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 21 December 2021Case 19-CA-287978ClosedEverett, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 500
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 16 December 2021Case 19-CA-287841ClosedPuyallup, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 264
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 16 December 2021Case 19-CA-287811ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 7,000
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 14 December 2021Case 19-CA-287694ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 7,000
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 2 December 2021Case 19-CA-287102ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 7,000
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 8 October 2021Case 19-RC-284235ClosedRichland, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 240
  Included: All full time and regular part time employees in Grocery, Meat, Deli/Starbucks, Produce/floral, Bakery, Clicklist, Home, Apparel, Nutrition, Health and Beauty (GM), CCK/Front End. Excluding: Pharmacy & Jewelry, all office and clerical workers, Security/Loss Prevention, HR and Managers as per the NLRA.
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 19 July 2021Case 19-CA-280102ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 7,000
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 15 July 2021Case 19-CA-279990ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 7,000
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 16 February 2021Case 19-CA-272850ClosedSeattle, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 500
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 22 September 2020Case 19-CA-266468ClosedSeattle, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 500
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 27 August 2020Case 19-RC-265361ClosedBellingham, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 8
  Included: All full-time, regular part-time, and per diem Nutrition Clerks employed by the employer located at 1225 West Bakerview Road, Bellingham, WA. Excluded: Excluding all managers and supervisors as defined by the Act.
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 6 September 2019Case 19-CA-247819ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 1
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 2 April 2019Case 19-CA-238905ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 250
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 9 July 2018Case 19-CA-223322ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 100
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 12 September 2017Case 19-CA-206136ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 7,000
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 16 June 2017Case 19-CA-200839ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 7,000
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 15 May 2017Case 19-CA-198743ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 300
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 2 March 2016Case 19-CA-171163ClosedTacoma, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 1,000
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 9 February 2016Case 19-CA-169417ClosedCorvallis, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 130
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 15 December 2015Case 19-CA-166094ClosedCorvallis, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 130
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 17 November 2015Case 19-CA-164432ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 300
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 15 June 2015Case 19-RC-154172ClosedTillamook, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 10
  Included: All meat and seafood employees at employer's store located at 2500 N Main St., Tillamook, OR 97141. Excluded: All other employees and supervisors as defined by the Act.
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 14 May 2015Case 19-CA-152331ClosedRoseburg, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 150
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 20 April 2015Case 19-CA-150509ClosedRoseburg, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 150
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 19 February 2015Case 19-CA-146668ClosedRoseburg, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 150
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 24 October 2014Case 19-CA-139477ClosedCoos Bay, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 100
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 7 October 2014Case 19-CA-138298ClosedCoos Bay, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 100
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 4 June 2014Case 19-CA-130043ClosedEugene, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 120
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 30 May 2014Case 19-CA-129690ClosedEugene, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 120
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 12 May 2014Case 19-CA-128432ClosedEugene, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 120
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 28 April 2014Case 19-RC-127492ClosedANCHORAGE, AKRegion 19Workers in the unit 7
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 26 February 2014Case 19-CA-123233ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 200
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 21 October 2013Case 19-CA-115166ClosedTacoma, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 250
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 30 September 2013Case 19-CA-114646ClosedCorvallis, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 250
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 13 September 2013Case 19-CA-113298ClosedBattle Ground, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 250
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 8 August 2013Case 19-CA-110877ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 100
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 8 August 2013Case 19-CA-110875ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 100
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 24 January 2013Case 19-CA-096992ClosedVancouver, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 200
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 12 October 2012Case 19-CA-091142ClosedVancouver, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 200
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 5 September 2012Case 19-CA-088606ClosedVancouver, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 200
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 27 July 2012Case 19-CA-086152ClosedVancouver, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 200
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 26 April 2012Case 19-CA-079632ClosedVancouver, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 200
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 19 April 2012Case 19-CA-079133ClosedVancouver, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 200
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 7 March 2012Case 19-CA-076082ClosedVancouver, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 200
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 8 February 2012Case 19-CA-074076ClosedVancouver, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 200
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 26 January 2012Case 19-CA-073267ClosedVancouver, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 200
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 19 October 2010Case 36-CA-010742ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 350
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 24 August 2010Case 19-CA-032689ClosedTacoma, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 250
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 14 July 2010Case 19-CA-032607ClosedTacoma, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 250
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 19 March 2010Case 19-RC-015292ClosedBurlington, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 76
  INCLUDED: All full time and regular part time Nutrition Department Employees, Health and Beauty Aids Department Employees, Apparel Department Employees, Shoe Department Employees, Photo Electronics Department Employees, Home Department Employees, Jewelry Department Employees, Pharmacy Clerks, Pharmacy Technicians, and Non-Food Receiving Clerks employed by the employer at its store located at 920 S Burlington ...
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 12 February 2010Case 19-CA-032354ClosedRenton, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 100
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 3 February 2010Case 36-CA-010614ClosedPortland, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 25
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 3 February 2010Case 36-CA-010613ClosedClackamas, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 25
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 14 December 2009Case 19-RC-015264ClosedBremerton, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 75
  INCLUDED: All full-time and regular part-time General Merchandise employees, employed by the employer at its Bremerton, WA facility located at 5050 State Highway 303, NE EXCLUDED: All Department Managers, Assistant Department Managers, Relief Assistant Department Managers, File Maintenace Employees, Confidential Employees, All other employees, Guards and Supervisors as defined in the Act.
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 16 November 2009Case 19-CA-032217ClosedSpokane, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 300
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 12 November 2009Case 19-CA-032211ClosedSpokane, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 300
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 16 October 2009Case 19-CA-032171ClosedTumwater, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 250
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 15 October 2009Case 36-CA-010555ClosedHillsboro, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 25
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 22 September 2009Case 19-CA-032128ClosedSpokane, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 300
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 22 September 2009Case 19-CA-032127ClosedSpokane, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 300
• Petition to decertify

  RD
  Filed 31 August 2009Case 36-RD-001726ClosedBend, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 50
  All regular full-time and part-time grocery (dairy and frozen food) employees, produce employees, bakery employees and deli employees; excluding all meat department employees, guards and supervisors as defined in the Act and all other employees.
• Petition to decertify

  RD
  Filed 15 July 2009Case 36-RD-001724ClosedCoos Bay, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 60
  Non-food employees; excluding all management personnel and certain key positions in non-food.
• Fred Meyer Stores Inc.

  RC
  Filed 6 July 2009Case 19-RC-015225ClosedTumwater, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 3
  Included: All employees employed in the Playland department of the employer's 555 Trosper Rd Tumwater Washington Store will be given the opportunity to vote for self-determination into the existing CCK contracts. Excluded: Confidential employees, managerial employees, guards and supervisors as defined in the act.
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 6 July 2009Case 19-CA-031994ClosedSpokane, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 100
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 12 June 2009Case 19-CA-031962ClosedSumner, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 250
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 19 May 2009Case 19-RC-015211ClosedTacoma, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 3
  Included: All employees employed in the Playland department of the employers Tacoma Stevens 4505 S 19th, Tacoma, Washington Store. Excluded: Confidential employees, managerial employees, guards and supervisors as defined in the Act. Amended 5/21/09 to: All employees employed in the Playland Department of the employer's Tacoma/Stevens 4505 South 19th Tacoma, Washington store will be given the opportunity to vote for ...
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 19 May 2009Case 19-RC-015210ClosedTacoma, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 3
  Included: All employees employed in the Playland department of the employers Tacoma Pacific 7250 Pacific Avenue Tacoma Washington Store. Excluded: Confidential employees, managerial employees, guards and supervisors as defined in the Act. Amended 5/21/09 to: All employees employed in the Playland Department of the employer's Tacoma/Pacific 7250 Pacific Avenue Tacoma, Washington store will be given the opportunity to ...
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 19 May 2009Case 19-RC-015209ClosedPuyallup, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 3
  Included: All employees employed in the Playland department of the employers Washington South 17404 Meridian E, Puyallup, WA Store. Excluded: Confidential employees, managerial employees, guards and supervisors as defined in the Act. Amended 5/21/09 to: All employees employed in the Playland Department of the employer's Washington South 17404 Meridian East Puyallup store will be given the opportunity to vote for ...
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 6 May 2009Case 19-CA-031910ClosedSumner, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 250
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 23 March 2009Case 19-RC-015194ClosedUniversity Place, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 3
  Included: All employees employed in the playland department of the Employer's University Place, WA store. Excluded: Confidential employees, managerial employees, guards and supervisors as defined in the Act.
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 25 February 2009Case 19-CA-031767ClosedKirkland, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 250
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 8 February 2008Case 19-RC-015068ClosedSpokane, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 2
  All employees employed in the Nutrition Dept/Natural Choices Dept. of the employers Francis Ave. store; excluding confidential employees, managerial employees, guards and supervisors as defined by the Act.
• Charge against an employer

  CA
  Filed 8 February 2008Case 19-CA-031218ClosedLacey, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 235
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 10 January 2008Case 19-RC-015057ClosedSumner, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 4
  Included: All employees employed in the nutrition department of the Employers' Sumner, Washington store. Excluded: Confidential employees, Managerial employees, guards and supervisors as defined in the Act.
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 4 October 2007Case 36-RC-006401ClosedThe Dalles, ORRegion 19Workers in the unit 70
  All non-foods employees in NRC, HABA, HCC, PRX techs, ALE, PEC, PEM, HOM, HIA, SHO, excluding meat, CCK, grocery clerks, managers, bookkeepers & those covered under the Act.
• Petition for an election

  RC
  Filed 29 January 2007Case 19-RC-014924ClosedLongview, WARegion 19Workers in the unit 3
  Included: All employees who work in the Playland Dept. Excluded: None.

Last refreshed 19 September 2026. What is in it, and what is not.